| Motorcycle Helmets are normally comprised of four elements; 1: Rigid Outer Shell 2: Crushable liner 3: Chin straps or retaining system and 4) Fit or Comfort Padding. Rigid Outer Shell when present adds a load-spreading capability, and prevents objects from penetrating the helmet. An additional skull, basically. Liner: usually made of EPS (expanded polystyrene) or similar types of materials absorbs energy of an impact by crushing. Chin Strap when properly buckled and adjusted with the fitment padding helps the helmet remain in position during impact or a crash.
Motorcycle Helmets work like shock absorber. During a fall or crash a head is traveling at a certain speed. Since your head has weight, and is moving there is a certain amount of energy associated with your moving head. When the motorcycle helmet along with the accompanying head impact an unyielding object; a curb, a wall, a rock, or the ground it's hard shell starts by taking energy generated by the falling motorcycle helmet (your skull) and dispurses it's engergy all over a larger portion of the motorcycle helmet, specifically it's internal foam liner. The foam liner then starts to crush and break which uses up quite a bit of energy, keeping it from reaching your skull's inside. Depending on how fast your head is traveling, and how big, heavy and immovable your skull is, the faster your skull slows down, and the more energy is present. In short everything slows down really quickly. A motorcycle helmet will effectively reduce the speed of your head by breaking and crushing which reduces it's amount of energy transferred to the brain.
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